What determines mortality and morbidity rates in non-variceal, non-malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated with urgent surgical operation?
Acil cerrahi operasyonla tedavi edilen varis dışı, malign olmayan üst gastrointestinal kanamalarda mortalite ve morbidite oranlarını ne belirler?
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment modalities, upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is still a significant health issue. We aimed to assess the risk factors on mortality and morbidity rates in the patients that underwent surgery due to non-variceal and non-malignant bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract.
We retrospectively examined records of 127 cases with non-variceal, non-malignant acute upper GI bleeding in the our University Hospital, General Surgery Clinic between January 1996 and December 2014.
Median age was 60 (16-88) years. The most frequent cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was duodenal ulcer observed in 93 (73.23%) patients. The most frequent presenting complaint was melena and hematemesis observed in 66 (52%) patients. Primary suturing, bilateral truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty were the most frequent surgical procedure performed in 79 (62.20%) patients. There were 23 (27.71%) mortalities.
Statistically, mortality and morbidity rates were found to be significantly associated with female sex (OR 6.517, 95% CI 1.559 to 27.238, p=0.010), hematemesis at presentation (OR 10.378, 95% CI 1.889 to 57.005, p=0.007), presence of comorbidity (OR 14.131, 95% CI 2.197 to 90.904, p=0.005), and high urea levels (OR 0.937, 95% CI 0.952 to 0.994, p=0.013) prior to operation.
In conclusion, although surgical treatment is the most effective method to control active bleeding from the ulcer and to prevent recurrence, it is often associated with high mortality and morbidity risk due to comorbidities; therefore it should be spared for cases for whom endoscopic and interventional radiologic treatment modalities is unsuccessful.
ÖZET
Tedavi modalitelerindeki gelişmelere rağmen üst gastrointestinal (GI) kanamalar hala önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Üst gastrointestinal sistemden varis dışı ve malign olmayan kanama nedeniyle ameliyat edilen hastalarda mortalite ve morbidite oranları etkileyen risk faktörlerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Üniversite Hastanemiz Genel Cerrahi Kliniğinde varis dışı, malign olmayan akut üst GİS kanaması olan 127 olgunun kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi.
Medyan yaş 60 (16-88) idi. Üst gastrointestinal kanamanın en sık nedeni 93 (%73.23) hastada görülen duodenum ülseri idi. En sık başvuru şikayeti 66 (%52) hastada görülen melena ve hematemez idi. 79 (%62.20) hastada en sık uygulanan cerrahi işlem primer sütür, bilateral trunkal vagotomi ve piloroplasti idi. 23 (%27.71) hastada exitus gelişdi. İstatistiksel olarak, mortalite ve morbidite oranlarının kadın cinsiyet (OR 6.517, %95 CI 1.559 ila 27.238, p=0.010), başvuru sırasındaki hematemez (OR 10.378, %95 CI 1.889 ila 57.005, p=0.007), komorbidite varlığı (OR 14.131, %95 CI 2.197 ila 90.904, p=0.005) ve operasyondan önceki yüksek üre seviyeleri (OR 0.937, %95 CI 0.952 ila 0.994, p=0.013) ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkili olduğu bulundu.
Cerrahi tedavi, ülserden aktif kanamayı kontrol altına almak ve nüks kanamayı önlemek için en etkili yöntem olmasına karşın, sıklıkla eşlik eden komorbiditeler nedeniyle yüksek mortalite ve morbidite riski ile ilişkilidir; bu nedenle endoskopik ve girişimsel radyolojik tedavi yöntemlerinin başarısız olduğu olgularda tercih edilmelidir.
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